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This study was evaluated and approved by the DGA (Dirección General Académica) of the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador in accordance with the guidelines for environmental and social impacts of research projects. Field permits were issued by the Ecuadorian Ministry of Environment (001–11 IC-FAU-DNB/MA 002-2012-CA-FAU-MAE-DPO-PNY 005-12-IC-FAU-DNB/MA 005-2009-INVESTIGACIÓN-B-DPMS/MAE 008–09 IC-FAU-DNB/MA 010-2013-FAU-MAE-DPAO-PNY), Ministerio de Desarrollo Sostenible, La Paz (Bolivia), and Servicio Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria e Inocuidad Alimentaria (SENASAG), Santa Cruz (Bolivia). Vouchers were euthanized with commercial roxicaine (anesthetic spray), fixed in 10% buffered formalin and then later preserved in 70% ethanol. Voucher specimens and tissue samples were obtained following ethical and technical protocols.
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We describe two of them including their advertisement calls and variation in external morphology. The results demonstrate the existence of nine candidate species of which five are confirmed. leucophyllatus-triangulum complex using samples spanning Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Suriname, Guyana and French Guiana. Herein we gather new genetic, morphological, and bioacoustic data to assess the phylogenetic relationships and species boundaries among populations of the D. leucophyllatus A”) based on molecular, bioacoustic, and morphological evidence. leucophyllatus form a distinct genealogical lineage (“ D. suggested that some Bolivian populations of D. leucophyllatus based on molecular and bioacoustics evidence. triangulum than to other populations of D. showed that some populations of Dendropsophus leucophyllatus were more closely related to D. Dendropsophus triangulum has color morphs varying from uniformly yellow to yellow with abundant dark brown circles. Most recent accounts indicate that Dendropsophus leucophyllatus has a distinctive hour-glass-shaped dark brown dorsal mark on a creamy tan background, and a different pattern consists of all dorsal surfaces of the body and limbs, as well as the flanks, being brown with a fine network of creamy white lines. Both are characterized by dark dorsal markings on a light background (or vice versa), flash colors on the hidden surfaces of thighs, groins, and interdigital webbings, and a large axillary membrane. In Amazonia, two currently recognized species are widespread, Dendropsophus leucophyllatus and D. The first taxonomic review of this group was based on morphological characters, and subsequently refined with molecular analysis, which were sometimes combined with bioacoustic data. triangulum (Günther, 1869) and Atlantic forest: D. manonegra Rivera-Correa and Orrico, 2013, D. The Dendropsophus leucophyllatus species group is currently comprised of 10 nominal species distributed in eastern Central America and Chocó region: Dendropsophus ebraccatus (Cope, 1874) Amazonia: D. Dendropsophus contains 99 formally described species currently classified into nine species groups according to Faivovich et al. The genus Dendropsophus Fitzinger, 1843 represents a prime example of this as there are numerous species complexes.
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This is particularly needed in widespread taxa with pervasive taxonomic problems. Because many species remain undescribed, efforts to catalog and quantify biodiversity elements must be prioritized. The destruction and alteration of natural areas is resulting in unprecedented rates of extinctions.